Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Abstract The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cat fish acellular dermal matrices in reconstruction of induced ventro-lateral hernias in bucks. Twenty-four bucks were enrolled for this purpose and divided into two equal groups. All bucks were subjected to surgical induced 7 cm diameter ventro-lateral hernia in the right lower flank under sedation and local anesthesia. After one month from creation of hernia, hernioplasty was performed in G1 by (on-lay) fenestrated cat-fish acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) and in G2 by (on-lay) non-fenestrated cat-fish ADMs technique. The defects were secured with No.1 polypropylene suture. The skin and subcutaneous tissue were re-approximated with silk suture No.1 by interrupted horizontal mattress suture. To evaluate the efficacy of hernioplasty, clinical follow-up was performed weekly for 12 weeks, and a strips (7 cm length and 2 cm width) from reconstructed site were collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-hernioplasty for determination of tensile strength.Clinically the hernias in in both groups were disappeared, few complications were noticed represented by seroma in three animals (n=3) (all responded to treatment) and hernia recurrence in one animal (n=1). There was significant decrement in tensile strength at the 4^th week in both groups, and then the tensile strength increased gradually with time starting from (8^th-12^th week). Tensiometric evaluation declared, significant (p≤0.05) differences between two groups in all periods of study, and the tensile strength of G2 is better than that of G1. The study revealed that catfish ADMs serve as a good hernioplastic patch, having good tensile strength and accelerate the repair of hernias in bucks. The tensile strength of G2 is better than that of G1 and this exceed the normal values of tensile strength of the abdominal muscles up to 50%.

Abstract Breast cancer is a lethal disease of females globally, generally, and in Iraq especially. Current cancer therapies are highly toxic and limited activity, leading to the search for effective and safe therapeutics. One of the safest treatments originates from herbs, and safer ones come from plants used in food. This study investigates the antitumor activity of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) crude extract consisting mainly of flavonoid compounds. Previously it exhibited a killing effect on several cancer cell line cultures. Furthermore, it has a high safety margin as humans and animals ingest it as part of the food chain. Methods, three continuous breast cancer cell lines of human origin were tested; CAL51, MCF7, and AMJ13, and one mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (AMN3) was used as an animal model. Normal breast epithelial cell line (HBL) was used to test the safety of the crude extract. Crystal violet cytotoxicity assay was applied to study the killing effect that the parsley extract may induce. Morphological changes were examined by crystal violet staining. Results: experimental work showed that the crude extract killed all cancer cell lines tested with the higher doses, but the mice-originated mammary adenocarcinoma AMN3 was more resistant. Moreover, parsley crude extract showed no cytotoxic effect on normal HBL cell lines. Cytological lesions are characterized by cell detachment and condensation of both cytoplasm and nucleus. Parsley crude extract diminishes cell viability and makes cytopathological alterations in breast cancer cells dependent on the concentrations used while sparing normal cells is encouraging results to move for more investigations.

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a widespread parasite. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in ewes and women in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. Fifty-five blood samples were collected from women (16 non-pregnant, 20 pregnant, and 19 women with abortion), who attended the Maternity and Children Hospital, while 51 blood samples were collected from ewes (28 non-pregnant, 18 pregnant, and 5 ewes with abortion) from different areas of Al-Diwaniyah City. The latex agglutination and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) tests were employed to examine the presence of the Toxoplasma gondii. The results showed that T. gondii antibodies were detected in 40% of all tested women; however, 37.5%, 30%, and 52.63% of non-pregnant, pregnant, and women with abortion, respectively, revealed the presence of these antibodies. The outcomes revealed that there were no significant (p˃0.05) differences between the group of non-pregnant women and pregnant women, while the abortion group recorded a significant (p<0.05) difference with both groups. The findings of the ewes showed that T. gondii antibodies were detected in 33.33% of all tested ewes; however, 35.71%, 33.33%, and 20% of non-pregnant, pregnant, and ewes with abortion, respectively, revealed the presence of these antibodies. There were no significant (p˃0.05) differences between the group of non-pregnant and pregnant ewes, while the abortion group recorded significant (p<0.05) differences with both groups. The RT-PCR was significantly (p˂0.05) effective in detecting the presence of T. gondii in the blood samples of ewes and women as 9 (17.7%) and 15 (27.3%), respectively. The present study indicates high percentages of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women and ewes.

Abstract Feline otitis externa is a common infection in small animals and the treatment can be challenging especially when the bacteria is multidrug resistant such as pseudomonas aeruginosa. For this reason, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pseudomonas aeruginosa as a causative agent for feline otitis externa. The PCR assay was applied for the detection of P. aeruginosa from eight feline otitis externa cases based on the amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, the diagnosis depended on sequencing of the PCR products, and gene analysis was done to matched the global isolates. Present study revealed isolation of P. aeruginosa from all collected samples, and sequencing of this gene showed 99% compatibility with global results. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of infection in feline otitis externa and the detection of this bacteria using PCR and sequence was accurate and gave a satisfactory result.

Abstract The study was designed to investigate whether nano-piprine and vitamin C (Vit. C) have antioxidant activity and/or it act through induction of the endogenous antioxidants. The study involved 48 male Wister rats (90 days old, 150±10g weight) randomly assigned to 6 groups (8 per group) and administered orally for 30 days. T1 was given 15 mg/kg B.W. nano-piperine, T2 was given 25 mg/kg B.W. vitamin C, T3 was given 2mg/kg B.W. dexamethasone, T4 was given both at the same time, and T5 was given both at the same time. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH).  were measured in blood serum. The study found a substantial rise (p<0.05) in MDA levels in the T3 group given dexamethasone compared to the control group. Significant reduction (p<0.05) in MDA levels was seen in T4 and T5 groups compared to T3. Additionally, MDA levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in T1 and reduced in T2 compared to the control group. The T1 and T2 groups showed a substantial increase (p<0.05) in SOD, CAT, and GSH compared to the control group. T3 had the lowest SOD, CAT, and GSH and other experimental groups. Additionally, T4 and T5 showed a substantial increase (p<0.05) in these parameters compared to T3. It can be concluded that nano-piprine and Vit. C has antioxidant activity and plays a great role in reducing free radicals and increasing endogenous antioxidants.  

Abstract Iron is the important element when deficient is associated with decrease blood values and animal which located under risk of many diseases. Complete Blood Counts (CBCs) was done by (VET haematology system). While the iron profile included serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was measured by the colorimetric method. So, the canine ferritin was determined by the canine-FE ELISA kit. The unbound iron binding capacity (UIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS%) were calculated by equations. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between these test values. The correlation analysis of iron profile and haematological values was conducted on 175 dogs. The results showed that serum iron concentrations were positively and significantly correlated with TIBC, TS%, RBC, HGB, HCT, and platelet counts, whereas ferritin concentrations were negatively correlated only with MCV. Also, the results showed a negative correlation between ferritin and lymphocyte counts. The study concluded that serum iron levels are highly correlated with erythrogram values. Ferritin is limited in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia because it acts as a biomarker and is not correlated with most erythrogram values. The negative correlation between ferritin and MCV reflected that MCV can be used in the estimation of iron deficiency

Abstract This research investigates the essential histomorphological and histochemical features of five male porcupines. The tail of the penis was noticed. Loosen the column's rod. There is no difference in the external color of the body and the glans penis, as it is pink in both Keratinized papillae enveloping the penis and body of a glans. In the glans, there are tiny nail-like features. The urethra is situated in the connective tissue behind the hand the glans of the penis and beneath the penis. The inner and outer layers are made of connective tissue and keratin, respectively. According to histologically, the porcupine penis is likewise vascular. This study began by examining the morphology of a porcupine rod. Our findings will help us understand the similarities and differences between porcupine and rodent reproduction and those of mammals. Our results concluded that the penis in porcupines is very similar to most other species of porcupine and to some rodents such as mice and guinea pigs. It also resembles a dog's penis of its orientation and internal structure. It is also different from most mammals.

Abstract The feed and light restriction programs are two of the main growth curves that influence methods for improving productivity in broiler chickens. However, when birds are fed unlimited amounts, their rapid growth rate is accompanied by body fat accumulation, mortality, and a high frequency of metabolic problems that also weaken their immune system. The current research studied the effects of feeding and light restrictions on broiler productivity, humoral immunity (IgG), and histological changes in the liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine of Ross 308 broilers. The experiment involved 110 broiler chicks (divided into four groups, each with 25 chicks) with the following conditions: G1 served as a negative control group since they were not subject to restrictions or vaccination. G2: served as a positive control and received vaccination without any restriction. G3: Chicks were under feeding restriction for one hour every three hours. G4: Chicks were under light restriction for one hour every three hours. The chicks were vaccinated against Newcastle disease, influenza and Gumboro disease. Feed restriction was far superior to light restriction in terms of increasing growth performance and the immunological response to vaccination in broiler chickens. Compared to the first group, the fourth and second groups exhibited the highest pathological abnormalities in the liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine. Feeding limits of one hour every three hours improve the immune response and enhance broiler performance.

Abstract The current exploration was done to study the morphological and histological characteristic features of the lung in the swan geese (Anser cygnoides). For that purpose, the methods included the use of 10 birds. The birds were euthanized, the lungs were collected, and features such as location, relationship, length, weight, and volume were reported. The results revealed that the two tiny lungs seen in swan geese are similar in size and shape, not lobed, flattened, and almost triangular in shape, and bright pink in color. Each lung extended from the craniocaudal and first or second ribs to the seventh rib. The average length of the right and left lungs was 11.88±0.929 and 10.44±0.12 cm, respectively, for males and 11.88±1.095 and 14.1±0.944 cm, respectively, for females, while the average width of the right and left lungs was 4.52±0.133 and 5.4±0.341 cm, respectively, for males and females, and 5.38±0.232 cm, respectively. In the case of histological features, the parabronchial epithelium was simple squamous, and connective tissue bordered the atrium and air capillaries, but smooth muscles were missing. This study reveals the characteristic pictures of the lungs of the swan geese that could be useful for future studies that deal with different sciences.

Abstract This work was aimed to highlight on the pharmacological role of propolis in management of different disorders. Propolis defined as (bee glue) is common surname which submit to substance of resinous accumulate through diverse forms of plants by means of bees, the phrase of propolis appearance by Greek refer on security (pro) and settlement, population for “polis”, the bee cell, as new terms. Chemically constituents for it depends on derivation through its bees accumulate foodstuff. Bee glue and it extracts have several medicinal apply, in the arrangement of several healthiness problem due to its effects, prevent the inflammation and oxidative stress, destruction of bacterial and fungi, prevent of ulcer, prevent of cancer, antiseptics, and have strengthens immune system. It is unusual biological behaviors, example anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and antihypertensive effect. Bee glue include important substances as flavonoids which responsible mainly on biological activity of propolis. The amount of flavonoid which present in bee glue will determine the quality of it, so the number of flavonoids present in bee glue will be standard for estimate the value of bee glue. It is characterized by biological consequence like prevent the inflammation, prevent the infection with bacteria in addition to prevent disease caused by virus. Propolis is a unique natural remedy, possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects. Propolis has served as a rich source in the different actively constituents especially phenolic compounds so it has potential for treatment in various acute and chronic human diseases.

Abstract  Gammacoronavirus, which causes avian infectious bronchitis (IB), is characterized by respiratory and urogenital disease and causes substantial financial loss in both layers and broiler chickens. In order to determine the prevalence of antibodies against the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in immunized birds that showed respiratory signs as well as to evaluate the pathological changes in the trachea and lung, this preliminary study was carried out. The current work is designed to evaluate the presence of humoral immunity against IBV among six vaccinated broiler flocks in Nineveh governorate suffering from respiratory signs. At the same time, clinical signs, necropsy lesions, and histopathological findings were studied. Six pooled tracheal (T) samples and six pooled kidney (K) samples from six flocks were collected for rapid testing. On the other hand, 138 serum samples were collected to investigate the level of IBV antibodies using the indirect ELISA® test. The results of the IBV antigen rapid detection test from suspected field samples revealed that 83.3% of tracheal samples were positive, while positive kidney samples showed 66.6%. With respect to the ELISA results, they show the highest titer of 12910 and the lowest titer of 6379, with a titer mean of 9471.5. Considering the overall picture of the health status, all flocks display pathological changes. This study demonstrates that the detection of Ab titers against IBV can be successfully used for the early and rapid screening of IBV in vaccinated or infected flocks. However, due to a lack of vaccine specificity against endemic strains of IBV in Iraq, IBV infection has persisted as a challenge on chicken farms.

Abstract Minerals are inorganic substances that develop the mineral component of the body, they are essential for the correct growth and the functioning of the body and are split into two different groups that are established on the amounts required by the animals’ body. This study achieved during the chilly season (December 2021-February 2022) to demonstrate Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg) concentrations in serum of ewes grazed naturally in Diyala Province. Forty serum samples from ewes and lambs were got randomly from many regions of Alwajehia twon. Analysis, showed increased mineral levels in serum samples significantly (P ≤ 0.05) from lambs than in adult ewes, especially Ca and p concentrations. Also, this study demonstrated higher levels Ca and p in serum of female compared with male lambs while levels of K was greater significantly in male than female lamb. The current study concluded that pre-lambing phase considers very crucial period that has impact on optimal reproductive performance in ewes after lambing. Good management by enhancing nutrition is crucial to avoiding many mineral levels disorders.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the swan goose proventriculus's gross morpological , histological and histochemical structure (Anser cygnoides ). Ten adult male birds were purchased from birders in the province of Al Diwaniyah, and all the birds weighed (5-6kg). After dissected birds digestive organs were removed outside of the celomic cavity and removed ingesta from the stomach. morphological parameters includes (length, width , volume and  weight).The morphological result reveled proventriculus of the goose was tubular in shape, with an internal surface of the proventriculus, and the gizzard was a muscular part connected with the small intestine by a slit-like ventriculo-duodenal opening, which was guarded by the small pyloric sphincter in addition to the pyloric valve the internal surface (mucous) The stomach of the goose is described histologically in the current study, we find four layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa). There are three layers in the mucosa. The stomach's connective tissue also showed variations in collagen and elastic fiber distribution.

Abstract The study was designed to investigate the effect of 820 nm laser therapies on skin wound healing in rabbits. Thirty male adult New-Zealand rabbits were utilized and randomly divided into two equal groups (n 15), G1 laser therapy and G2 control groups. Two parallel (right and left) full-thickness skin incisions 2 cm lengths were made on the dorsum of each rabbit at a distance of 3cm from the spine. Incisions were closed by simple interrupted sutures using 4/0 silk suture. The right incisions in G1 were irradiated with pulsed (GaAlAs) laser therapy (820 nm, 8 J/cm² energy density, and 50 mW power output, for 30 sec. once a day for 3 successive days). Incisions of G2 and the left incisions of G1 were left without treatment as a control. Skin wound specimens were taken from animals of both groups after 3, 7, and 14 days’ post wounding for histopathological evaluation of the healing process. Histopathological examinations demonstrated that wound healing in G1 was promoted such as fast restoration of tissue continuity, improved collagen fiber production, and the reduction of excessive inflammation, while the control group did not. Thus LLLT found to promote the healing of incisional wounds in the present rabbit model, and laser treatment has been beneficial effects during the inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation phases of a wound healing. The 8 J/cm² energy density of (820 nm) LLLT promote the wound healing, through prevention of excessive inflammation, increased formation of collagen fibers, and recovery in continuity of tissue.

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were prepared by eco-friendly method   using the alcoholic extract of Ginger(  Zingiber officinale) ,   this study conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of  Zinc oxide nanoparticles on  viability of    L929  fibroblast cell line  for 72 hours   and  incubation with (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/ml) of GnZnO NPs , Several methods were used to characterize the biosynthesized GnZnONPs. including "UV-Visible Spectroscopy," Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope ("FESEM"), " Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)" and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectrum.  the MTT assay was used  to determine the   cytotoxicity  effect  of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)  on  the,  cell line  viability The results showed that there was no toxic effect of the synthesis GnZnONPs with an increase in concentration from (1-8) mg/ml after 72 hours of incubation at 37°C.  The findings of this study, there was a time and dose-dependent reduction in cell viability in treated cell lines after exposure to GnZnO-NPs for 3 days, with no adverse effect on fibroblast cells till 8 mg/ml.

Abstract A few studies conducting on artificial insemination in camels, and those that do tend to have inferior results when compared to studies on animals that regularly use  artificial insemination and cryopreservation (1). This article is a review to an updating researches and studies that interest in AI in camels. It includes definition and history of AI in camel, advantages and disadvantages of AI, methods of semen collection, methods of AI, time of insemination, semen diluents with deep focusing on the problems facing AI in camels. In conclusion, we noticed that AI in camel develops very slowly comparing to other farm animals due to several difficulties and problems mainly the timing of ovulation in female in relation to AI as the camels are induced ovulation animals. On the other hand, there is a dramatic growing in successful studying the methods that helps to overcoming the problems and difficulties that facing AI in camel. More efforts are needed to develop AI in camel to be easily, widely and globally used.