Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Abstract Spinal cord injury is the most prevalent cause of permanent neurological disorders, which can result in full palsy in severe cases. Unfortunately, most spinal cord injury treatments are ineffectual. The current study aims to assess the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on spinal cord regeneration in dogs. Sixteen healthy mongrel dogs were employed for this purpose. They were randomly separated into two equal groups (n=8). Dorsal laminectomy and left lateral hemisection at the level of the second lumbar vertebra were performed on all dogs. The hemisections in the control group were treated with 0.2 mL of phosphate buffer saline. The stem cell group with the hemisection cavity was treated with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells 50 µl (5x10⁶), for bridging lesion sites after the operation. Each group was subsequently subdivided into two equal subgroups (n=4) based on the post-operative periods, which were the eighth and sixteenth weeks for clinical follow-up and histological tests. Clinical testing of motor and sensory spinal cord functions indicated statistically significant (p <0.05) differences between the stem cell and control groups. Histopathological examinations of the stem cell group revealed reduced cavitation, orientation of regenerative nerve fibers in white matter, increased number of regenerative neuron cells in grey matter, increased angiogenesis, and minimal scar tissue formation at the injured spinal cord site. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerated and improved regeneration of the damaged spinal cord based on clinical and histological findings.

Abstract Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the most important causative factor of respiratory infections in chickens and turkey resulting chronic respiratory disease CRD and Infectious sinusitis respectively. These diseases transmitted throughout the world in different ages of to all nearby bird species. The infected poultry become carrier that can infect all birds around world. This review introduces a short information about MG infection specially in avian species. The detection of this causative agent made by isolation of MG by serological test or culturing with media containing digested protein, meat infusion base with serum, yeast factors, glucose and bacterial inhibitors on many commercial liquid media and agar media used for isolation like: Frey medium and SP-4 medium and other isolation methods  like rapid agglutination test which made by several methods can be used to diagnosis the MG like: Haemagglutination inhibition, ELISA, PCR and molecular methods to differentiate between MG strains, DNA fingerprinting that uses RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), GTS (gene targeting sequencing) for typing strains.

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular entity that can infect nearly all cells of vertebrates with a mild blood temperature. The main objective of the study is to investigate the host immune aspects in Toxoplasma gondii-infected experimental animals by monitoring some cytokines production profiles and analyzing immune cell phenotypes. Therefore, the toxoplasma cysts were extracted and injected into 40 male rats compared to 10 rats as a control group. Then, leukocytes from peripheral blood were stained with anti-surface antigens antibodies and analyzed using flow cytometry. Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were evaluated 12 and 30 days after infection using a quantitative ELISA assay. Rats infected with Toxoplasma in placental suspension had significantly higher levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-6 than control rats. Infected rats also had higher levels of CD14⁺ and CD19⁺ leukocytes. A difference between the stages tachyzoite and bradyzoite was also observed. Histopathology of T. gondii-infected rat tissues confirmed bradyzoite stage in liver, testis, brain, and kidney, further studies are needed to unravel the mechanisms behind stage switching. In conclusion: There are significant differences in the concentrations of cytokines associated with some cellular and humoral immune cells of rats infected experimentally with toxoplasmosis.

Abstract The current study designed to determine the effects, of  Thymus Vulgaris and /or Rhus Coriaria grind seeds as feed additives  in the diet of  male rabbits on some physiological and productive parameters.16 male domestic rabbits were divided into 4 groups four animals for each, the first group was the control  fed with a basal diet free from any feed additives while the second and third groups were fed with 3% sumac and 3%Thyme , while the fourth group fed with a same basal diet supplemented with both 3% sumac + 3% Thyme, the experiment  lasted for 45 days, feed consumption was calculated daily while blood sample  and body weight  recorded every week, the results appeared that body weight , total blood protein including. Albumin and Globulin of all treated groups especially mixed feed additives  were  recorded 3.53 , 3.88, 4.82 and 3.31, 2.79, 2.47  in comparison to the control group which recorded 3.22 and  3.49 respectively at last sampling period .In contrast, the feed consumption and cortisol hormone levels reported 428.75, 372.75,363.25   and 3.33, 3.30,2.40 compare to  the control group that revealed  significantly high ranges 514.25 and 3.67 respectively at  the last sampling  period . In conclusion, the data of the study demonstrated a positive role and improvement effect when they use such feed additives separately or together, especially when fed as a mixed compound on some productive and physiological traits.

Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), usually referred to aspirin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) used as an anticoagulant to treat pain, fever, inflammation and to treat a variety of inflammatory disorders, including Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever. In addition to being an antithrombotic, aspirin also lowers the risk of heart attacks. We investigated the effect of aspirin on RBC, Hb, and PCV and renal functional enzyme (urea, Creatinine and uric acid) using different doses of aspirin in healthy adult rats and at the same time clarify its effect on renal tissue. This study included 50 Wistar adult rats were divided into five groups as following; control, G1, G2, G3, and G4, rats in control group drenched distilled water daily, while the rest groups drenched daily with aspirin 30, 70, 100, and150 mg/kg using gastric lavage sequentially. Blood samples were collected from heart for blood parameter and kidney functional enzymes assessment. Kidney tissues were collected for histological process. The results showed decreased in the serum level of RBC, Hb, and PCV; likewise, there was increase in urea and creatinine level. While, there was a decrease in uric acid serum level. In tissue samples, results showed mild atrophy to extensive necrosis in renal tissue samples with cystic dilation in convoluted tubules of the kidney. In summary, current research showed that the use of different aspirin doses over a period of time has a negative impact on blood parameters and renal functional enzymes. Furthermore, the use of aspirin in this way had an adverse effect on renal tissue.

Abstract Osteoporosis, including drug-induced type, is a crucial health problem because it affects directly the quality of life and increases mortality. Simvastatin (SIM), shares the mevalonate pathway as nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate drugs which may impose a beneficial effect on bone health. This study aimed to explore the beneficial effects of SIM alone or in combination with alendronate (ALD) to prevent cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced osteoporosis in rats. Six study groups (n = 7 rats each) were generated from 42 healthy female albino rats at the age of six months: Group 1 (control) received 1 ml/day of 0.9% NaCl orally for 6 weeks. Group 2 received CPA (4.5 mg/kg/day) orally for 15 days. Group 3 received ALD (1 mg/kg/day) orally for 6 weeks plus CPA. Group 4 received SIM (20 mg/kg/day) orally for 6 weeks plus CPA. Group 5 received a combination of the corresponding doses of ALD plus SIM in addition to CPA. Group 6 received SIM alone orally for 6 weeks. Finally, serum receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b) levels were evaluated in addition to the histopathological analysis of the right tibia. The osteoporosis effect of CPA was significantly reduced by SIM. Additionally, it is interesting to note that ALD plus SIM combination demonstrated an additional protective effect against osteoporosis compared to mono-therapy. Our findings suggest that SIM may be associated with bone-protective effect, the combination therapy administered group demonstrated an extra protective effect compared to mono-therapy.

Abstract    To investigate the impact of human recombinant interleukin-3 (hrIL-3) on ovulation in female rats ovaries. We used forty eight Wister  rats were divided randomly into four equal groups twelve female each. All rats undergone superovulation protocols using pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) 10IU intra-peritoneally. Final maturation of oocytes achieved after 48hours using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 10IU intra-peritoneally. We used hrIL-3 in three doses: 15ng, 30ng, and 45ng/rat after superovulation. Concomitantly with hCG, intravenous injection of hrIL-3 was used in three doses o the three treated groups,  while the control group received normal saline at the same time of hCG injection. The animals of each group were divided into two subgroups  six female each According to the time of sacrificing after 12h and 36h of hCG injection. Samples of ovaries were obtainedv from all animals for RT-qPCR gene expression of  fshr and lhcgr.   There was a  significant increase (P<0.05) of fshr gene after 12h of treatment in 15ng and 45ng hrIL-3 compared with control. However, there were no significant differences among the other groups  compared to control. There is significant increase (P<0.05) of lhcgr gene after 12h of treatment in 15ng hrIL-3 compared with control, while there were no significant differences among the other groups. After 36h, lhcgr gene showed significant increase (P<0.05) of 45ng compared with control while there were no significant differences among the other groups.hrIL-3 with a dose of 45ng at 36h after hCG injection stimulates rat ovaries via increase gene expression of  FSHR and LHCGR in ovarian tissues.

Abstract The morphological and histological research on the liver was carried out on twenty (20) adult swan geese, ten (10) of which were male and ten (10) of which were female. The study was performed on twenty (20) adult swan geese. According to the morphological findings, the livers of both male and female geese are placed in the right and left hepatoperitoneal cavities, respectively. According to the morphological findings, the livers of both male and female geese are placed in the right and left hepatoperitoneal cavities, respectively. The liver in this bird is situated in a huge space in the abdomen. It is pointed cranially and toward the center of the thoracic and rib regions, and it has a hue that is somewhere between red and brown. The liver consists of two undivided lobes, the right and the left, as well as two surfaces, the parietal and the visceral surface, and many processes can also be seen. Additionally, the liver has two borders, the dorsal and the ventral, and a cardiac notch can be found on the dorsal border. The right lobe of the liver is also penetrated by the caudal vena cava. The gall bladder is an ovoid-shaped sac that is dark green in color and is located in a deep cystic fossa. It is linked to the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver and does not have a neck. Histological results have revealed that the liver is composed of hepatocytes arranged as two-cell thicknesses between the hepatic sinusoids, which are bound by the bile canaliculus. The intralobular duct is lined by simple cuboidal epithelial cells, also extending within the organ septa of connective tissue that contains branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and the interlobular bile duct is lined by simple columnar epithelial cells. Conclusion The hepatic parenchyma of swan geese looks like two-cell-thick hepatocytes when viewed in longitudinal section, but when viewed transversely, it appears as tubules containing hepatocytes that are surrounded by bile canaliculi.

Abstract To investigate the effects of topical application of turmeric extract nanoparticles ointment in treatment of infected wounds in mice. Thirty male mice had been divided into two groups, G1 (control) and G2 (treated). Two circular (0.5cm) full thicknesses skin wounds were performed on the animal's back. After 24 hours after wounding 0.2 mL of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial suspension containing 2x10⁸ CFU/mL of bacteria was injected in the right wounds to cause infection. The left wounds weren’t injected or treated and consider as a negative control in the same animal. Wounds of G1 was not treated after receiving a bacterial inoculation. Infected wounds of G2 were treated with a topical application of 3% turmeric extract nanoparticle ointment at a dose of 30mg/cm² once daily for seven consecutive days. Healing was evaluated by measuring the size of the wound and by histopathology samples taken at 7- and 14-days PI. At the 7^th day PI, the size of infected non-treated wounds in G1 (129.35%) was become significantly P < 0.05 larger than the original size, while the treated wounds in G2 were significantly P < 0.05 reduced more than 45.25% in compare with initial wound size. At the 14^th day PI the size of infected non-treated wounds in G1 (174.66%) was significantly P < 0.05 larger than the original size, with no healing, while in G2 The reduction in size become significantly (32.36%) smaller. The percentage of wound contraction was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in treated wounds at 7^th and 14^th days as compared with no wound contraction (0%) in G1. Histopathologically the infected wounds in G1 at 7^th and 14^th day PI exhibit an absence of epithelial layers, suppurative exudate, dead liquefied tissue, and an abundance of both dead and living neutrophils. G2 at 7^th day PI display, no evidence of infection, fully epithelialized epidermis, and immature granulation tissue are visible. On the 14^th day PI revealed a well-regenerated epidermis, and mature collagen fibers with myofibroblast in the dermis. The treatment of infected wounds with turmeric extract nanoparticles ointment 3% improved the healing process and accelerated the proliferation, wound contraction, maturation, and remodeling phases of wound healing.

Abstract Bovine theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites from genus Theileria. Theileria annulata is the causative agent of tropical theileriosis or Mediterranean theileriosis. This study directed to diagnose theileriosis among calves and ticks in Al-Qasim city, Iraq. Seventy blood samples from seventy calves and seventy ticks were collected in April-August of 2022. These animals were a local breed with clinical signs of theileriosis; lymph node enlargement, fever (40c-41c), palely mucus membrane, loss of appetite; living in different areas of Al-Qasim city. The blood smear was prepared and stained with Giemsa for microscopic examination of T.annulata. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to detect T.annulata using primer pairs targeted to 18S ribosomal RNA gene. The molecular assays revealed that seventy calves were infected as well as the samples of ticks.

Abstract     The current study aimed to assess the effective dose of quercetin against iron overload in the adult rabbits by studying the dose response curve through using five successive doses of quercetin on serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in iron overload rabbits. Thirty-six of adult male rabbits were used in current study and randomly divided in to the six groups and handled as follows for 28 and 42 days: Control group: rabbits were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with normal saline every 72 hours + normal saline orally each day while rabbits in the T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups were administrated orally quercetin at doses 100,200,300,400 and 500 mg/kg B.W daily respectively and all animal were IP injected with iron dextran at dose of 100 mg/kg every 72 hours. Blood samples were collected after 28 and 42 days from ear vein. The results showed a significant increasing in serum iron of T1 and T2 groups, while T3, T4, and T5 groups not showed any significant difference when compared with control group, while TIBC in T4 and T5 not showed any significant difference when compared with control group after 28 and 42 days of quercetin treatment. Conclusion: As a results, obtained after 28 days of the experiment was used to calculate the ED of quercetin on iron overload which is 350 mg/kg.

Abstract The present research aims to assess the histological and clinical effects of applying silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to rats with superficial second-degree burns. A total of 20 male Wistar rats weighing (240 ± 20 gm) have been used, and they were split in a random way into two equal groups: the G1/control group, which received no treatment, and the rest, while the G2/silver group (AgNPs) received treatment with topical application of AgNPs for consequent 7 days. Following general anesthesia, a stainless-steel bar was placed in a boiling water for 15 minutes, creating one circle site on the animal's body to cause second-degree superficial burns. Histological and clinical assessments regarding the wound healing were conducted. According to macroscopic findings, group2(G2) experienced a substantial (p ≤ 0.05) increase in wound contraction compared to G1 in the two groups. Microscopic cells in group1(G1), at day 7, demonstrate the existence of a thick crust over the skin's surface and a sparse amount of stratum basale hyperplasia, along with inflammatory cell infiltration and profuse collagen in the dermis as in addition to hemorrhage and profuse irregular thick collagen. On the fourteenth day, there was a broad incision, sloughing of the epidermal layers, infiltration of the inflammatory cells, and profuse collagen. Mild hyperplasia regarding the epidermal layers in surrounding area, along with the existence of granulation tissue that is characterized through the fibrosis with a thick collagen network, growth of new blood vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages, and fibroblast proliferation. At 21, the epidermal layers reveal incomplete hyperplasia, a narrow incision with profuse granulation tissue, profuse fibrosis with few collagens, and significant infiltration of the inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes and macrophages. Stratum basale had undergone certain stratum basale hyperplasia, the epidermal layer has entirely shed, and G2 at seven days exhibits a crusty layer above skin's surface. The tissue is infiltrated by inflammatory cells, notably lymphocytes and macrophages, although little granulation tissue is produced. At 14 days, there is a purulent discharge and a thick crust above the skin's surface, and the stratum basale has only incompletely and mildly hyperplized. Hemorrhage, the appearance of granulation tissue, and the creation of a new B.V. are also present, as well as an infiltration of inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes and macrophages, a thin collagen network, and fibroblast growth in the dermis. The epidermal layer had completely epithelized and developed a keratinized layer following 21 days. The growth of new blood vessels, RBCs, hair follicles, a thin collagen network, and fibroblast proliferation are also present, along with abundant and frequent fibrosis. The use of AgNP in treating rats with superficial 2^nd-degree burns was observed to enhance the healing process and speed up proliferation, wound contraction, and complete healing in less time.