Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Abstract Autologous ‎Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) has a potential effect on tissue repair ‎through the proliferation and ‎differentiation of tissue progenitor cells and is considered simple, safe, ‎easy to prepare and ‎use, easily applicable, and effective in use. Twenty New Zealand White rabbit were used and divided into two groups control (n=10), and the PRP group (n=10) which intratesticular injected with PRP (‎200 ‎μl ‎ PRP ‎per testes‎). In summer season, all animals were ‎daily exposed to sunlight in the middle of the day for ten weeks of June, July, and August. The rectal temperature and temperature humidity index were ‎obtained twice every week after exposure. The sperm parameters and gene expression of the target gene were analyzed before treatment and after 10 weeks. The Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) results showed that the ‎sperm motility parameters were ‎significantly (P<0.05) better ‎for the summer heat-stressed in bucks injected with PRP than the control ‎group. On the other hand, the gene expression of specific genes responsible for sperm ‎motility ‎ (CFAP65 and SPEF2) results ‎were noted that a ‎high significant regulation (p<0.05) in the PRP group compared with the control. In conclusion, the PRP enhances the sperm parameters of rabbits that suffer from heat stress, as well as increases ‎the regulation of ‎CFAP65 and ‎SPEF2 ‎genes‎‏.‏‎

Abstract Centrilobular necrosis of hepatic tissue is a major cause of acute liver injury associated with cellular death and impairment of liver functions. It was experimentally induced by hepatotoxic  substances called carbon tetrachloride. Eighteen healthy domestic rabbits were used to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of amlodipine besylate, they were allocated to three groups; G1 (negative control), GII (positive control) and GIII (treatment group). G1 received only distilled water 3 ml orally, GII was given single dose of carbon tetrachloride ( 1.5 ml/kg body weight) orally as a mixture with olive oil to induce liver damage. Whereas GIII was given amlodipine besylate (1.25 mg/body weight) orally one hour before induction of hepatic centrilobular necrosis by carbon tetrachloride, then the same dose of tested agent continued daily for two successive days after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. The duration of experiment was 3 days i.e. 72 hours.Blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis of liver functions at 2 occasions, 24 and 72 hour after induction of hepatic centrilobular necrosis to determine the values of serum  alanine aminotansferase (SALT), serum aspartate aminotansferase (SAST), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), total serm bilirubin (TSB) and total serum protein (TSP) of the tested animals. The histopathological examination of liver samples was then done after 72 hours to check the microscopic changes of the liver tissue. Amlodipine besylate with this daily dose showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the levels of serum ALT, AST , ALP, total bilirubin and significant elevation (p<0.05) in the level of total serum protein in comparison to GII, both after 24 hour and 72 hour of carbon tetrachloride administration. Histologically, liver sections showed that amlodipine produced no necrosis, mild fatty change, mild inflammatory infiltration and mild congestion when compared with that of GII. As conclusion, Amlodipine besylate was proved to have a significant hepatoprotective activity on hepatic centrilobular necrosis model .

Abstract The current comparative investigation was conducted to identify sheep-human genetic similarities of Entamoeba histolytica isolates recovered from animal farms and human hospitals in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. The study involved the use of 50 (25 sheep and 25 human) fecal samples that were subjected to microscopic examination and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and a partial gene sequencing, of which both targeted the 18S rRNA gene as a molecular marker. The findings of the microscopy documented that 21 (84%) and 20 (80%) of the sheep and human fecal samples, respectively, contained the cyst of the E. histolytica. The PCR reported the identity of the parasites in the tested samples from both sheep and human at 17 (68%) and 15 (60%), respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed close-alignment between sheep and human isolates due to high similarities between the sequences of nucleotides between both host isolates. The finding of the present work reveals high presence of Entamoeba histolytica in fecal samples of sheep and humans with high similarity between the isolates of both hosts, which may indicate a highly transmissible pathogen between sheep and human beings.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the morphological changes of pituitary, ovarian, and uteri and the expression levels of ovarian fshr, lhr, inhα, and cyp19a genes at different estrous phases. Ten adult queens, at each estrous phase, were included. The pituitary glands, ovaries, and uteri were dissected for histological examination and molecular analysis. Higher ovarian weight at the estrus phase and higher uterin weight at the diestrus phase were shown compared with other estrous phases. Ovarian growing follicle diameter, myometrium thickness, pituitary gland dimeter, and the expression levels of ovarian fshr, lhr, inhα, cyp19a genes significantly elevated at the estrus and proestrus phases among other phases. At the proestrus phase, the ovarian sections showed different stages of follicular growth, whereas the estrus phase showed disintegrated tertiary follicles and hypertrophied granulosa and theca cells. The diestrus phase revealed the formation of corpus luteum and atresia follicles, while the anestrus phase showed the different types of follicles. The uteri sections at the proestrus and estrus phases revealed striated and lengthening uterine glands and increased vascularization. At the diestrus phase, the uteri showed reduced vascularization, whereas those at the anestrus phase showed reduced uterine glands development. The pituitary sections at the proestrus and estrus phases revealed differential staining characteristics and sizes of secretory granules compared with diestrus and anestrus phases. It could be concluded that significant histological and functional changes occure in the pituitary-gonadal axis at different estrous phases of adult queens.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a low protein content (low CP) level diet supplemented with a kemzyme on the growth-prompting effect, the biochemical effects of kemzyme with cGH gene expression, and other related effects. Three (3) groups with (90) birds in each group with (3) replicates, depending on the concentration of protein that met the nutritional requirements of the broiler nutritional composition of the starter, grower, and finisher, were used in our experiment with 270 broiler chicks strain (Ross 308) one day old birds to determine the effect of feeding programs with different CP levels (CP-3%) lower dietary CP content, using at a dose of 500-1000 gm/ton (con). Kemzyme enhanced  weight of body and FCR, according to results (p<0.05). levels of serum total protein and albumin were significantly higher in the low CP and kemzyme-fed groups compared to the low protein level-only groups (P<0.05), while the liver and kidney enzymes were unaffected. Kemzyme supplementation slightly significant increased the expression of the cGH gene.

Abstract The goal of the present research is comparing the histological and clinical outcomes regarding the application of chitosan nanomaterial and low level laser on rats with superficial second-degree burns. The 30-adult male Wistar rats, weighing (240 ± 20gm), have been placed into 3 equal groups at random, with the G1/control group receiving no treatment. Topical treatment of ChNMS has been used for treating the G2/Chitosan group (ChNMs) for a total of 7 days. G3/Laser group (LLLT) received 8J/cm2/day treatments for seven days in a row. Following general anesthesia, a stainless-steel bar has been placed into a boiling water bath for 15 minutes, creating one burned circle on the back of each animal's body to cause superficial second-degree burns. Histological and clinical evaluations regarding the wound healing were conducted.  According to macroscopic findings, G3 and G2 wound contraction increased considerably (p ≤ 0.05) in comparison to G1 in all groups. On day 21, an animal (in G2) treated with chitosan nanomaterials showed signs of complete wound healing. It is obvious that wound care in treated rats took place for at least 7 days quicker compared to other groups and that they had the highest rate of lesion contraction. At 7 days, the skin's surface has a substantial crust that is firmly attached to it. In addition to a modest hyperplasia of the stratum basale and an irregular, dense collagen network, adipose tissue can be found in the dermis. There are significant(p<0.05) amounts of inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages, crust, and purulent exudate. At 14 days, the dermis has inflammatory cells, collagen fibers, new vascularization, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis. There’s also epidermal hyperplasia, visible and significant granulation tissue, a small incision, fibrosis, and bleeding. Full healing, including the complete epithelization as well as emergence of outer keratinized layer on top of epidermis, has occurred after 21 days. Bleeding along with new vascularization, skin fibrosis, and a little infiltration regarding the inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages.The stratum basale has undergone certain stratum basale hyperplasia, the epidermal layer has entirely shed, and G3 at 7 days exhibits a crusty layer above the skin's surface. Although there is an infiltration of inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes and macrophages, little granulation tissue actually forms. At 14 days, there is a purulent discharge and thick crust above the surface of the skin, and stratum basale had only incompletely and mildly hyperplized. Hemorrhage, granulation tissue presence, and fresh BV development with the infiltrations of the inflammatory cells in dermis, primarily lymphocytes and macrophages, a fibroblast proliferation, and thin network of the collagen. The layer of the epidermis had completely epithelized and developed keratinized layer following 21 days. In addition to fibroblast proliferation, growth of more blood vessels, RBCs, hair follicles, and thin collagen network, there is also frequent and extensive fibrosis.Tthe use of chitosan nanomaterials in the treatment of second-degree superficial burns in rats resulted in faster connective tissue regeneration and enhanced wound healing.

Abstract The current study aimed to observe the morphological,and histological features of the colon in adult males and female swan geese. The study was carried out on 10 adult geese, with ages ranging from( one - two )years. These birds were used for anatomical and histological study. The coleomic cavity was dissected and photographed to identify the colon was grossly described and measured (weight, relative weight, length, relative length, and diameter and volume) . Colon the short, straight part of the large intestine, pale pink color, it was the caudal part of large intestine continuous with the ileum. Its situated ventral to the synsacrum and pelvic bone. It was extending from the end of the small intestine till it opens into cloaca, its related   dorsally with the jejunum . Colon showed a velvet appearance with short finger-like projections. The histological study showed that the large intestine (colon) was characterized by folded mucosa and submucosa, the lining epithelium was simple columnar epithelium, while the isthmus was lined with stratified squamous epithelium, The mucosal glands different in size and shape occupied most of the lamina propria, The goblet cells showed high density toward the end of the intestine. The villi appeared different in size and shape, The submucosa appeared poorly developed layer. The layer of muscular mucosa was constructed of two layers of smooth muscle fibers. The serosa composed of connective tissue covered by a layer of mesothelium lined the wall of all the organs occupied with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve plexus.

Abstract Samples were taken from the center of the AL-Dalamj Marsh using 10 various locations and techniques. Three components from the sample were tested:  liver, gills and muscles). Together with the fishers, the combustion of fossil fuels and gasoline, refuse incinerators, mining, and volcanic eruption and weathering of metal-bearing rocks, among other things. These heavy metals' mobilization into the aquatic ecosystem changes the physicochemical characteristics of water, making it dangerous for aquatic life, Heavy metals primarily enter fish bodies through the gills, body surface, and digestive system when they consume food that has accumulated metals. According to the results of the current research, the concentration of cadmium (Cd) in the organs of Liza Abu fish was considerably higher than its seasonal mean, reaching (0.226 µg/gm) and second (0.33 µg/gm), respectively, while the fish's seasonal mean declined in the first season. Regarding the lead element (Pb), the research revealed that Liza Abu fish's organs had mean concentrations of Pb that were significantly higher than their mean concentrations during the first season (12.936 µg/gm), while their mean concentrations decreased during the second season (6.43 µg/gm). According to the findings of the analysis of the water samples, the highest mean Pb concentrations were found during the second season of the study (0.061 µg/gm), and the highest mean Cd concentrations were found during the first season of the study (0.016 µg/gm).The research found that the Dalmaj Marsh's fish were contaminated with heavy metals of all kinds and that their levels were higher than those recommended by public health organizations. According to the World Health Organization in 2003 (WHO), the percentage of cadmium in the water is (0.003µg/gm) and in fish is (0.5 µg/gm), whereas the percentage of lead in the water is (0.001 µg/gm) and in fish is (2.0 µg/gm), which calls for significant attention to the aquatic environment and support for that significant productive sector.