Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Mustafa Isam Alsarhan ¹
• Abbas Ali Hussein ²

¹ Department of Surgery and Obstetric, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah City,Iraq

² Department of Surgery and Obstetric, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq

Abstract

The goal of the present research is comparing the histological and clinical outcomes regarding the application of chitosan nanomaterial and low level laser on rats with superficial second-degree burns. The 30-adult male Wistar rats, weighing (240 ± 20gm), have been placed into 3 equal groups at random, with the G1/control group receiving no treatment. Topical treatment of ChNMS has been used for treating the G2/Chitosan group (ChNMs) for a total of 7 days. G3/Laser group (LLLT) received 8J/cm2/day treatments for seven days in a row. Following general anesthesia, a stainless-steel bar has been placed into a boiling water bath for 15 minutes, creating one burned circle on the back of each animal's body to cause superficial second-degree burns. Histological and clinical evaluations regarding the wound healing were conducted.  According to macroscopic findings, G3 and G2 wound contraction increased considerably (p ≤ 0.05) in comparison to G1 in all groups. On day 21, an animal (in G2) treated with chitosan nanomaterials showed signs of complete wound healing. It is obvious that wound care in treated rats took place for at least 7 days quicker compared to other groups and that they had the highest rate of lesion contraction. At 7 days, the skin's surface has a substantial crust that is firmly attached to it. In addition to a modest hyperplasia of the stratum basale and an irregular, dense collagen network, adipose tissue can be found in the dermis. There are significant(p<0.05) amounts of inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages, crust, and purulent exudate. At 14 days, the dermis has inflammatory cells, collagen fibers, new vascularization, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis. There’s also epidermal hyperplasia, visible and significant granulation tissue, a small incision, fibrosis, and bleeding. Full healing, including the complete epithelization as well as emergence of outer keratinized layer on top of epidermis, has occurred after 21 days. Bleeding along with new vascularization, skin fibrosis, and a little infiltration regarding the inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages.The stratum basale has undergone certain stratum basale hyperplasia, the epidermal layer has entirely shed, and G3 at 7 days exhibits a crusty layer above the skin's surface. Although there is an infiltration of inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes and macrophages, little granulation tissue actually forms. At 14 days, there is a purulent discharge and thick crust above the surface of the skin, and stratum basale had only incompletely and mildly hyperplized. Hemorrhage, granulation tissue presence, and fresh BV development with the infiltrations of the inflammatory cells in dermis, primarily lymphocytes and macrophages, a fibroblast proliferation, and thin network of the collagen. The layer of the epidermis had completely epithelized and developed keratinized layer following 21 days. In addition to fibroblast proliferation, growth of more blood vessels, RBCs, hair follicles, and thin collagen network, there is also frequent and extensive fibrosis.Tthe use of chitosan nanomaterials in the treatment of second-degree superficial burns in rats resulted in faster connective tissue regeneration and enhanced wound healing.

Keywords

• Chitosan
• Nanomaterials
• Laser
• Second Degree Burn
• Rat