Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Abstract With the increasing necessity to synthesis nanoparticles in cheap and efficient methods and also sustain the environment, scientists keen on developing green based methods. Therefore, the present study demonstrated a cheap method to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) based on bakery yeast and sodium hydrogen selenite only. The bakery yeast is cheap and abundant in any local market. So, the yeast can be found and applied in swift and easy manner during the experimental procedures that requires nano particle production. The resulted selenium nano-particles were verified by Means of multiple physical and chemical tests, namely Ultra-Violate Visible (UV-Visible) technique, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) device. The obtained scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis respectively show 40-80 nm sized selenium nano-particles surrounded by preserving organic molecules. The external organic molecules help protecting and stabilizing the newly formed selenium nano-particles. The internal structure of SeNP was found to be amorphous as it was shown by the figures of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) test. In conclusion, the proposed method reduces the cost of manufacturing NP so that cheap experiments become achievable for researchers and costumers.

Abstract The genus Fasciola, sometimes known as liver flukes, is the source of the parasitic disease fasciolosis, which affects both humans and animals, the species   F. hepatica and F. gigantica are the two species most frequently cited as the etiological agents of fasciolosis. The study was conducted to detect the prevalence of fasciola spp. in the typical abattoir in AL-Diwaniyah province from the period August 2022 to April 2023. The total number examined was 200 (112 male and 88 female). The study was all adult leaf-like parasites. The average parasite size body leight /body weight (56.4/7.84). Staining with alum carmine stain was used to identify Fasciola spp. and also note some changes on the affected livers by Fasciola spp such as cirrhosis and enlarged bile duct. The second part of the study was an epidemiological study and the effect of some factors on the prevalence such as age and sex. W here the number of infected cattle 18 in the rate of 9%. the highest infection was recorded in females compared to males (3) and females (15). The infected rate (2.67%) and (17.04%) male and females respectively also note the increasing number of infections with increasing age older than two years its (13.11) and the highest infection was recorded in January 40% followed by February and March

Abstract Food safety is an important issue of public health in veterinary medicine due to its direct connection with human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological changes and IgE levels in the blood of children with cow milk allergy (CMA) who showed clinical signs and compare them with healthy children. 200 children participants aged 6–12 months divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 100 children with history for CMA, children suspected of having CMA were diagnosed through the history of the child's health condition as well as the parents, in addition to clinical symptoms and an immunoglobulin test IgE to detect the presence of allergy, Healthy children were 100 in number selected for the control group who did not show any symptoms of food allergy. The current study showed that there were  significant increases in the number of white blood cells (10.82 ±1.69-8.10±2.77, p<0.0001), platelets (348±79.73-295±29.69,p<0.0001), lymphocytes (41.09±11.90-34.60±4.76, p=0.0006), monocytes (3.36±0.454-2.7±0.447, p<0.0001), eosinophil's (4.58±0.982-1.38±0.358, p<0.0001) and the amount of hemoglobin (9.66± 0.73-10.9± 0.27, p<0.0001) between the CMA group and the control group, as well as examining the total IgE, a significant difference was found (26.8±11.07-78.6±32.8, p<0.0001). The study reveals that cow milk protein may cause food allergy in infants fed cow milk due to increases in the levels of allergy indicators, such as IgE and white blood cells.

Abstract A lot of researchers try many types of therapies for burns healing in Veterinary medicine in the last decades. Silicone gel may decrease the scar tissue, while thrombin may increase the proliferation of cells. This project aims to compare the efficacy of silicone gel combined and thrombin on 2^nd degree cutaneous burn healing. Forty female white albino rats, who were housed in plastic boxes divided randomly into four groups 10 rats for each. Control group G1 had no treatment, second group G2 treated with silicone gel, third group treated with autologous thrombin adhesive, fourth group treated with combination of silicone gel plus autologous thrombin adhesive. Under routine surgery with general anesthesia all rats had thermal injuries at their backs. The thermal injuries were then created using a solid aluminum bar with a diameter of 2 cm in diameter had previously been heated to 100°C in boiling water. The bar is kept in touch with the rat's skin in the dorsal proximal region of the back. Hyperemia, edema, scar tissue, and scab were recorded for morphological exam. The therapies were applied topically once daily for 10 days. At the time of burn and on the appropriate days for the biopsies at 7^th ,14^th,21^th, and 28^th day, sterile "swabs" were taken and sent to laboratory for bacterial contamination. Biopsies were collected for histopathologic evaluation of healing. The morphologic appearance was recorded at 1 day, 7^th day, 14^th day,21^th day, and 28^th day, it was the best in G3. A completed wound healing was recorded highly significant wound contraction in G3 groups. The bacterial colonies count was recorded the lowest in G3. Histopathologic evaluation showed the superiority of thrombin adhesive than silicone gel for 2^nd degree burns healing and this result accompanied with the other parameters. Histological changes post burn injury in thrombin treatment showed complete healing of all skin layers including epidermis, papillary dermis, reticular dermis, and hypodermis, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands were obvious while in silicone gel showed regenerated epidermis layer, gaps between epidermis and dermis, edema or bulla like lesion between epidermis and dermis, subcutaneous edema, and infiltration of inflammatory cell in the dermis mostly lymphocytes.E. The study concluded that silicone gel decreases scar formation and thrombin accelerate burn healing.
 

Abstract The health of the body might impair broiler performance; thus, mineral supplementation is necessary to avoid diseases caused by dietary mineral deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of both organic and inorganic zinc and compare them to the control group regarding their effect on the productive response of broiler chickens. The experiment lasted six weeks, from 26 /9/2022 to 7 /11/ 2022 and was conducted in a private farm in Hilla city. A total of 300 one-day-old (Ross308) fattening chicks were weighed upon arrival and randomly grouped into three equal groups, each one hundred chicks/group: the first group, the control (C), included birds fed the basic diet without any supplementation;  the second group the first treatment (T1) included feeding birds on the basic diet with organic zinc compounds (zinc acetate) 250 mg/kg diet; and the third group the second treatment (T2) included feeding birds on the basic diet with inorganic zinc compounds (zinc oxide) 250 mg /kg diet. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum till the end of the study. The feeding period was divided into a starter and a finisher period. Compared to the control, the growth performance of broiler chickens fed organic zinc or inorganic zinc differed significantly (P≤0.05) in terms of feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio, and body weight gain. Adding organic and inorganic zinc to a broiler chicken's basic diet can improve broiler production performance.

Abstract The current research was conducted to explore the feasibility of employing ginseng nanoparticles (NPs) to improve sperm mitochondrial functions in vivo. For this purpose, a total of (60) adult male Wister rats were explored, acclimated at the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Al-Qadisiyah University. They prepared and divided into three equal groups. T1, T2, and control negative received only distilled water daily and no other treatment. T1 was given a daily dose of 500 mg/kg of ginseng extract orally by stomach tube. While T2 received orally a daily dose of 250 mg/kg of ginseng NPs by stomach tube. After a 60-day experimental period, all study animals were put to anesthesia and dissection to collect testis samples that were subjected to gene expression (real-time RT, polymerase chain reaction PCR) analysis through targeting Succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA) genes. The results of calculating the gene expression of the gene SDHA showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of SDHA gene expression in both the group of rats treated with the Ginseng extract (13.03±1.49) and the group of rats treated with ginseng nanoparticles (48.46±3.85), compared with the negative control group of rats(1±0C). At the same time, the study results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of gene expression in the group of rats treated with nanoparticles when compared with the group of rats treated with extract only. Using sperm analysis and a molecular biologic approach, this study conformal the impact of ginseng on spermatogenesis in rat testes.

Abstract The study's objective was to assess the effectiveness of Lyophilized Urinary Bladder Submucosa in the healing of open wounds. Study subjects included 60 mature, white New Zealand rabbits. All of the animals were housed in same bedding and environmental circumstances. They divided into two groups (n = 30). After general anesthesia and prepared for aseptic surgery, a punch used to make circular full-thickness (1.5 cm) skin incision on the backs of the animals. The rabbits were sorted into two equal groups at random. Histopathological specimens were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding. Group 1 served as a control group for untreated wounds. Lyophilized bovine UBM was used as a scaffold in Group 2 to treat wound on the first day following surgery, whereas 2gm of UBM hydrogel was applied topically once daily from the second day for 7 days. Fresh urinary bladder was used to form UBM as a lyophilized scaffold and hydrogel was made for treatment of group 2. Due to the hyperplasia of the epidermal layers. In the dermis, tiny collagen fibers replace the injured tissue and encourage the growth of new blood vessels and inflammatory cells. At day 21, G2 demonstrated the development of a keratinized layer over the epidermis. The epidermal layers seemed hyperplastic, and the two skin wound edges appeared to be linked. The dermis has a network of fibrosis and collagen that is regularly arranged and new blood vessels. Additionally, there were fresh, tiny hair follicles in the area of the wound.

Abstract Anatomy is the basic medical science in veterinary education, Traditionally, anatomy taught for many years through dissection and examination of cadavers. However, the advanced virtual technology present potential and promising teaching capabilities, therefore the current study intended to review the global experiences about application of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in veterinary anatomy, evaluate its benefits, and provide a recommendation to enhance anatomy teaching at the educational institutes in Iraq.An extensive search related to the using of VR and AR technologies in the anatomy and medical teaching was performed through researches online databases like (Google scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed (, then papers collected, analyzed, and explained. The majority of the research indicates that VR and AR technologies present beneficial learning experience, providing better information retention, more interactive learning, enabling remote accessibility, and reduce exposure time to formaldehyde gases. Furthermore, establishing VR and AR laboratories requires minimal equipment and spaces, cost-effective compared to the periodic need for the cadavers, preservatives, and dissecting tools. Future Iraqi laboratory should consider incorporating VR/AR units, implementing mandatory staff and students training, and encouraging the utilization of these technologies in medical sciences, particularly in the field of anatomy, as they offer valuable learning advantages