Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Hematological Changes Associated with Cow's Milk Allergy in Infants

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq.

Abstract

Food safety is an important issue of public health in veterinary medicine due to its direct connection with human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological changes and IgE levels in the blood of children with cow milk allergy (CMA) who showed clinical signs and compare them with healthy children. 200 children participants aged 6–12 months divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 100 children with history for CMA, children suspected of having CMA were diagnosed through the history of the child's health condition as well as the parents, in addition to clinical symptoms and an immunoglobulin test IgE to detect the presence of allergy, Healthy children were 100 in number selected for the control group who did not show any symptoms of food allergy. The current study showed that there were  significant increases in the number of white blood cells (10.82 ±1.69-8.10±2.77, p<0.0001), platelets (348±79.73-295±29.69,p<0.0001), lymphocytes (41.09±11.90-34.60±4.76, p=0.0006), monocytes (3.36±0.454-2.7±0.447, p<0.0001), eosinophil's (4.58±0.982-1.38±0.358, p<0.0001) and the amount of hemoglobin (9.66± 0.73-10.9± 0.27, p<0.0001) between the CMA group and the control group, as well as examining the total IgE, a significant difference was found (26.8±11.07-78.6±32.8, p<0.0001). The study reveals that cow milk protein may cause food allergy in infants fed cow milk due to increases in the levels of allergy indicators, such as IgE and white blood cells.

Keywords

References
1. El-Nmer F, Salama AA, Elhawary D. Nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents and its impact on growth of their children. Menoufia Med J. 2014;27:612-6. Available from: https://www.mmj.eg.net/text.asp?2014/27/3/612/145529.
2. Lifschitz C, Szajewska H. Cow's milk allergy: evidence-based diagnosis and management for the practitioner. Eur J Pediatr. 2015;174(2):141-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-014-2422-3.
3. Martorell-Aragonés A, Echeverría-Zudaire L, Alonso-Lebrero E, Boné-Calvo J, Martín-Muñoz MF, Nevot-Falcó S, et al. Position document: IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2015;43(5):507-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2015.01.003.
4. El-Sebay HM, Badr EA, El-Ghobashi Y, Khalil MM, El-Mashad GM. The role of specific IgE antibodies in infants with cow milk protein allergy. Menoufia Med J. 2016;29:874-80.
5. Caffarelli C, Baldi F, Bendandi B, Calzone L, Marani M, Pasquinelli P, et al. Cow's milk protein allergy in children: a practical guide. Ital J Pediatr. 2010;36:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-36-5.
6. D'Auria E, Venter C. Precision medicine in cow's milk allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;20(3):233-41. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000640.
7. Høst A. Frequency of cow's milk allergy in childhood. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002;89(6 Suppl 1):33-7.
8. Caffarelli C, Baldi F, Bendandi B, Calzone L, Marani M, Pasquinelli P, et al. Cow's milk protein allergy in children: a practical guide. Ital J Pediatr. 2010;36:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-36-5.
9. Lifschitz C, Szajewska H. Cow's milk allergy: evidence-based diagnosis and management for the practitioner. Eur J Pediatr. 2015;174(2):141-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-014-2422-3.
10. Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food allergy: A review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(1):41-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.003.
11. Ragab S, Hegran H, Kassem S. The effect of zinc supplementation on growth and development in preterm neonates. Menoufia Med J. 2014;27:524-8. Available from: http://www.mmj.eg.net/text.asp?2014/27/3/524/145500.
12. Sommanus S, Kerddonfak S, Kamchaisatian W, Vilaiyuk S, Sasisakulporn C, Teawsomboonkit W, et al. Cow's milk protein allergy: immunological response in children with cow's milk protein tolerance. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2014;32(2):171-7. https://doi.org/10.12932/AP0319.32.2.2013.
13. Beşer OF, Sancak S, Erkan T, Kutlu T, Cokuğraş H, Cokuğraş FÇ. Can fecal calprotectin level be used as a marker of inflammation in the diagnosis and follow-up of cow's milk protein allergy? Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2014;6(1):33-8. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2014.6.1.33.
14. Imamura T, Watanabe M, Kaneko M, Shibukawa Y, Fukuda Y, Nagasawa K. Cow's milk allergy with severe eosinophilia. Pediatr Neonatol. 2016;57(1):69-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.06.008.
15. Lai FP, Yang YJ. The prevalence and characteristics of cow's milk protein allergy in infants and young children with iron deficiency anemia. Pediatr Neonatol. 2018;59(1):48-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2017.01.004.
16. Graczykowska K, Kaczmarek J, Wilczyńska D, Łoś-Rycharska E, Krogulska A. The consequence of excessive consumption of cow's milk: protein-losing enteropathy with anasarca in the course of iron deficiency anemia—case reports and a literature review. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):828. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030828.
17. Graczykowska K, Kaczmarek J, Wilczyńska D, Łoś-Rycharska E, Krogulska A. The consequence of excessive consumption of cow's milk: protein-losing enteropathy with anasarca in the course of iron deficiency anemia—case reports and a literature review. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):828. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030828.
18. Ayats-Vidal R, Valdesoiro-Navarrete L, García-González M, Asensio-De la Cruz O, Larramona-Carrera H, Bosque-García M. Predictors of a positive oral food challenge to cow's milk in children sensitized to cow's milk. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2020;48(6):568-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2020.03.007.
19. Dodi G, Di Filippo P, Di Pillo S, Chiarelli F, Attanasi M. Total serum IgE levels as predictor of the acquisition of tolerance in children with food allergy: findings from a pilot study. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:1013807. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.1013807.
Muraro A, Fernandez-Rivas M, Beyer K, Cardona V, Clark A, Eller E, et al. The urgent need for a harmonized severity scoring system for acute allergic reactions. Allergy. 2018;73(9):1792-800. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13408.
Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences
Volume 23, Issue 2
December 2024
Pages 14-17
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics