Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Abstract Avian infectious bronchitis (AIB) causes economic losses in many flocks of poultry; the causative agent is the avian coronavirus which belongs to coronaviridae that causes multiple diseases in humans and animals. AIB is one of the main causes of economic harm; it causes respiratory disease, lesions, as well as a decline in egg production with deformity. Infectious bronchitis virus IBV has many serotypes without creating cross-protection against each other. This study aimed to detect IBV infection in broiler flocks in Babylon province depending on the clinical symptoms, postmortem lesions, IBV Rapid kit, and real-time polymerase chain reaction rt-PCR. Fifty broiler flocks were shown respiratory signs, a rapid examination was performed using the IBV Rapid kit, 13 flocks revealed positive results, Samples were collected from the trachea and the kidney for RNA extract then complementary DNA cDNA synthesis, the result-product entered a real-time PCR with XCE2+ and XCE2- Primers, only 7 samples showed positive results.

 

Abstract This study was conducted in Basrah during the period from July 2019 till June 2020; 1022 cattle were concluded in this study; the tissue samples were collected from 80 clinically suspected cattle. This study revealed that the incidence of Lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Basrah according to the clinical picture was 7.82% (80 out of 1022). All 80 samples of cows with clinical signs were positive to PCR examination. The study also revealed that the incidence of LSD in calving was significantly higher than that reported in adult cows (P < 0.05). The study also revealed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of LSD between males and females (P > 0.05). The main clinical finding of LSD was fever, skin lumps, increase respiratory rate, nasal discharge, and limb edema, loss of weight, depression, diarrhea, lameness, enlarged lymph node, and dyspnea. The monthly distribution of disease revealed that the disease was a higher incidence in spring months compared with other months (p < 0.05).

 

Abstract The current article has been planned to provide highlights on the immune response and itsprotective role in chickens under natural field infection of M. gallisepticum MG that cause tovigorous inflammation in the trachea, lungs, and air sacs. This article will converge on the host immune response to Mycoplasma gallisepticuminfection, also will be clarify a brief illustration of antigenic structure of Mycoplasma spp., andbasic immunological interactions between MG and the host that include innate immunity,adaptive immunity (humoral and cellular immune response), finally will discuss the mostcommon serological tests. Mycoplasma gallisepticum is tenuous living microorganism and the smallest one, canreproduce autonomously, cause world famed disease known as chronic respiratory disease forchicken that led to increased mortality, increased mortality, losing weight and negatively affectsbreeder flocks performance, in addition to the importance of the vertical transmission andprevailing among bird types, thereby it regarded as one of the most worldwide expensive poultrypathogens. Depending on the antigenic structure, and pathogenicity, Mycoplasmas are located invariable clusters, these two features affect the relation between Mycoplasmas and immunesystem, and because the chronic process of infection it may indicate that all immune componentsare involved in the disease pathogenesis as well as pathogenicity Primary confrontation of invading organisms occurs via natural or innate immunity withconsiderable resistance and participates in minimizing the infection progress although theadaptive immunity is critical in both sides as it contributes or has a role in the controlling theinfection alongside with contrast role in the immunopathogenesis. In conclusion the relationship between Mycoplasma gallisepticum and host immune responseis controlled by several factors that elucidated in the present article, which complicate thismutual interaction, thereby the clinical manifestation of MG infection could be differed and theprognosis may be variable.

Abstract Nanoparticles were atoms with smaller than one micron. The size of nanoparticles to 1 to 100 nm, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA had important features including biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug delivery systems (DDS), and constant release. The study assessed the nano-precipitation method of PLGA loaded Fadrozole on induced endometrial periglandular fibrosis (EPF) in female mice compared with the reference Fadrozole. Technology was used to create PLGA nanoparticles, the features of PLGA nanoparticles, included an ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer test, which resulted in a PLGA-loaded Fadrozole absorbance (4.5452) with a wavelength of 336.32 nm, as well as other tests included (scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and zeta potential). According to the description of PLGA revealed in this study, the DMSO associated organic phase alone had specified the form, particle size with a small diameter, charged particles in addition to suitable nanoparticle yield percent, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading with sufficient stabilizer. Finally, we concluded that female mice who were subjected to artificially induced endometrial periglandular fibrosis by daily 17 – estradiol S/C injection and H2O2 treatment with drinking water for 12 weeks were able to cure with the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) -Fadozole regimen therapy at various doses.