Anemia is a frequent multifactorial disease, defined by reduced red blood cell count or hemoglobin concentration, which compromises the delivery of oxygen to body tissues. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural mitochondrial antioxidant, is well documented in its ability to combat oxidative stress and regulate a variety of metabolic processes. In this study, investigated the potential impact of ALA supplementation on blood and biochemical parameters of male albino rats with PHZ-induced anemia. Thirty rats were distributed randomly into three groups: healthy control group (C), PHZ-induced anemia (T1), and anemic group receiving ALA (T2). Several parameters were measured, including hematological parameters, indicators of iron status, thyroid hormones, and markers of oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, and CAT). The study findings confirmed that PHZ treatment resulted in the significant decrease of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, GSH, CAT, iron, ferritin, hepcidin, and T3 and T4 level, but the significant elevation of MDA and TSH levels . It must be particularly noted that ALA supplementation significantly improved blood indices, restored iron homeostasis, normalized the level of thyroid hormones, and increased the level of antioxidant protection. Statistically processed data provided significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among treated groups and an untreated anemic group. Overall, these results suggest that ALA is of potential value as a protective agent against the cytotoxic effects of anemia and oxidative stress.