The present study carried out to study the Annexin A2 gene Expression in oviduct epithelial cells of Iraqi cows with endometritis in comparison with it in the  oviduct epithelial cells of healthy cows. Fifty uterine sample were collected from cows with macroscopic change in the uterus, samples were divided into two groups (molecular and histopathology) group . the samples were taken from oviduct ampulla immediately plunged into liquid nitrogen; and stored at−80 ◦C until the  molecular study. The histological examination of 50 endometrial samples of the cows reproductive tract revealed that 30 samples exhibited histological changes associated with endometritis, while the 20 samples were normal endometrium . The molecular study involved RNA extraction from oviduct tissue ampulla and RNA concentration measurement by Quantus™ Fluorometer , cDNA syntheses and Quantitative Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) Preparation, The gene expression analysis of ANNEXIN A2 using RT-qPCR technology revealed a significant up-regulation in cows oviduct epithelial cell ampulla within endometritis compared to oviduct epithelial cells ampulla of normal endometrium cows (p-value< 0.0022) and significantly different (P < 0.01) the expression level (fold change) in oviduct with endometritis cows was (1.969)  whereas oviduct with normal endometrium cows (1.076). In conclusion ,the result indicated that presence of gross lesion changes does not be necessarily indicate microscopic pathological change, Annexin A2 up-regulation in oviduct epithelial cells ampulla of cows with endometritis. This study identified potential marker gene for fertility in dairy cattle.