Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences
Official Journal of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah

Lipopolysaccharide-Adjuvant Vaccination and Immune Response Against Antibiotic Resistance Salmonella: modulation Toll-Like Receptors and Virulence determinants

Document Type : Al-Qadisiyah Conference 2025

Authors

Hussien Ali Khalaf 1
Alaa Abdul Aziz Abed 2

1 Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah

2 Department of pathology and poultry diseases college of veterinary medicine, university of Al-Qadisiya

https://doi.org/10.29079/qjvms.2025.166141.1125
Abstract
Salmonella remains a major global pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income regions, with global rise of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella underscores the urgent need for effective vaccines. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major glycolipid of the outer membrane, is a potent immunogen capable of stimulating both innate and adaptive immunity. When combined with complete or incomplete adjuvants, LPS-based vaccines enhance antigen presentation, cytokine release, and protective antibody responses, The integration of lipopolysaccharide in vaccine formulations represents a promising strategy to enhance the immune response against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains. Developing an effective lipopolysaccharide-adjuvant vaccine against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella presents numerous challenges, including ensuring safety, enhancing immunogenicity, and overcoming bacterial variability. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a central role in recognizing LPS and initiating protective immunity, though host genetic variation influences the response. This review highlights the role of LPS in immunity and vaccination in reduced dependence on antibiotic interventions and of combating antibiotic resistance through novel vaccine strategies.

Keywords

Lipopolysaccharides
Toll-Like Receptor
Antibiotic Resistance
Virulence
immune modulation
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