Document Type : Al-Qadisiyah Conference 2025
Authors
1 University of Al-Qadisiyah, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary internal medicine
2 College of pharmacy / Al-Qadisiyiah university
Abstract
Wound healing isWound healing is a complex physiological process that restores the structural integrity and function of damaged tissues. Conventional drug-based therapies, the current standard of care, often yield suboptimal outcomes characterized by slow regeneration, particularly in large or chronic wounds. such treatment restrictions have prompted the research of alternative therapies, especially the use of stem cell therapy, as it has a high potential to promote regeneration and more effectively control the healing process. This paper is a review of the new information that has been stated in the rodent model studies that compare therapy performance of the stem cell application to the traditional drug treatment in wound healing and tissue repair. We aimed to critically evaluate the comparative effectiveness, underlying mechanisms, and safety profiles of these approaches. the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and peripheral blood stem cells are beneficial in wound closure, angiogenesis, and skin architecture re-modeling of skin. The comparative analysis has shown that stem cell therapy does not only increase healing rates but also the quality of tissue repair resulting in increased normal restoration of normal functioning and appearance. Improved immunomodulatory capabilities, the ability to produce paracrine factors, and direct involvement in the repair of damaged tissue are some of the qualities that have been attributed to these benefits. Conversely, pharmacological treatments like anti-inflammatory agents and growth factors have fewer effects, and are limited to the effects of controlling inflammation and early tissue regeneration phases, without significantly affecting later tissue regeneration. Recent experimental studies consistently report superior outcomes including accelerated wound closure, enhanced neovascularization, and improved histological architecture in stem cell-treated rodents compared to drug-treated controls. Stem cell therapies are applicable in preclinical studies because of its versatility in that it can be topical, injectable, or scaffold-delivered. To sum up, the current body of evidence places the stem cell-based therapy as a highly promising modality of tissue repair and wound management that has specific benefits over the conventional pharmacological methods in rodent models. Future prospects of stem cell therapy have only gotten better as the source of cells and cell engineering has been developed. This review indicates that in experimental rodent models stem cells are better than drugs to facilitate effective and comprehensive wound healing with further studies being warranted to optimize the use of stem cells in a broader use within clinical settings.
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