Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Clinical and histopathological study of inclusion body hepatitis in broilers in Basrah governorate

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

2 Department of Pathology and poultry diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

3 Department of Medical Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq

4 Department of Biology, College of Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

10.29079/qjvms.2025.156335.1057

Abstract

Inclusion body hepatitis outbreaks and hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome, particularly in commercial broiler flocks, have been detected in various geographic regions of Iraq over the past five years, indicating the widespread distribution of FAdVs throughout our nation from the north to the south. The Basrah governorate in Iraq has seen significant economic losses as a result of elevated mortality rates and poor performance in chicken farms. 180 cases of sick and fresh dead birds, ages 17 to 28 days, were removed from broiler chicken farms located throughout the Basrah province between 2023 and 2024. The goal of this study was to examine the postmortem lesions and clinical findings of suspected IBH, as well as to obtain histopathological sections of the affected tissues (liver, kidney, and heart). Acute symptoms included ruffled feathers, anorexia, depression, low body weight, inconsistent flock size, and a high mortality rate (10–25%). pale and straw-colored fluids in the pericardial sac, enlarged and hemorrhagic kidneys, and an expanded, congested spleen are other symptoms of an enlarged, friable liver with yellow mucoid dropping as a result of excess bile acids and lesions identified during the postmortem investigation. Furthermore, according to a histopathological examination, the infected chicken's damaged kidneys showed evidence of renal tubular epithelium vacuolation, interstitial tissue hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and severe hepatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies and degenerative changes. The macrophage was particularly well-represented among these cells. The study concluded that loss of biosecurity and vaccination programs against IBH infection in poultry populations particularly in Basra governorate make them more prone to infection.

Keywords

References
1- Hess M, Shayne,M. Bouliamnne CM, loyue LR, McDonald V, Nair: Adenoviruses infections in DE: Disease of poultry,14th ed. Hoboken, N: wiley- Black well. 2020; 322.
2- Benko M, Harrach B, Russel WC. Family Adenoviridae. In: van Regenmortel MHV et al, editors. Virus Taxonomy. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: Academic Press, San Diego. 2000; 227-238
3- Hess M. Detection and differentiation of avian adenoviruses: A review. Avian Pathol. 2000; 29: 195-206.https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450050045440
4- Riddell C. Viral hepatitis in domestic gees in Saskatchewan. Avian Dis. 1984; 28: 774-782.https://doi.org/10.2307/1590249
5- Guy JS, Schaeffer JL, Barnes HJ. Inclusion-body hepatitis in day-old turkeys. Avian Dis. 1988; 32: 587-590.https://doi.org/10.2307/1590936
6- Hess M, Prusas C, Monreal G. Growth analysis of adenoviruses isolated from pigeons in chicken cells and serological characterization of the isolates. Avian Pathol. 1998; 27: 196-199.https://doi.org/10.1080/03079459808419323
7- Takase K, Yoshinaga N, Egashira T, Uchimura T, Yamamoto M. Avian adenovirus isolated from pigeons affected with inclusion body hepatitis. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Sci. 1990; 52: 207-215https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.52.207
8- Capua I, Liberti L, Gough RE, Casaccia C, Asdrubali G. Isolation and characterization of an adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in psittacine birds. Avian Pathol. 1995; 24: 717-722.https://doi.org/10.1080/03079459508419110
9- Droual R, Woolcock PR, Nordhausen RW, Fitzgerald SD. Inclusion body hepatitis and hemorrhagic enteritis in two African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) associated with adeno-virus. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1995; 7: 150-15https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879500700125
10- Abdurahman NR, Saeed NM, Dyary ha., Mohammad SF, Sulaiman RR., and Rashid PMA. Outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis caused by adenovirus in commercial broiler farms in the Kurdistan region. North Iraq from2013 to 2021.Pak.vet.j. 2022; 24: 201-7.
11- ELshame SA. clinicopathological study on an Outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in broiler chickens. Assist. vet. med. 2003; 49: 239- 49.https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2003.178322
12- Mas M, Hirranatsu K ,Nishimura N, laughing, H. Honda S ,Hangul ,S. Fowl adenoviruses type (8b) isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Japan. Avian Dis. (2020); 64: 330https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-20-00028
13- Chitradevi S, Sukumara K., Suresh P., Balasubramaniam GA., and Kannan D. Molecular typing and pathogenicity assessment of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chickens from India. Trop. Anim. Health Pro. 2021; 53: 412.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02851-8
14- Wilson FD, Wills RW, Senties-cue CG, Maslin WR, Stayer PA., and Magee DL. High incidences glomerulonephritis associated with inclusion body hepatitis in broiler chickens. routine histopathology and histomorphometric studies. Avian. Dise. 2010; 54: 975- 80.https://doi.org/10.1637/9050-090709-Reg.1
15- Kraidi QA, Almayahi WM, and Najem H.A. First detection of FAdV serotype 8b associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis in broiler flocks in the southern part of Iraq during, 2022-2023.veterinary integrative sci. 2023; 21:647-655.https://doi.org/10.12982/VIS.2023.046
16- Hess M. Avideno virus infections. In D.E. Swayne, J.R. Glisson, L.R. Mc Dougald, L.K. Nolan, D.L. Suarez & V. Nair (Eds.), Diseases of Poultry 13th ed Ames: Wiley-Blackwell. 2013; 290- 300.
17- Mohamed MH, El-Sabagh IM, Abdelaziz AM. Molecular characterization of fowl aviadenoviruses species D and E associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chickens and falcons indicates possible cross-species transmission. Avian Pathol. 2018; 47:384-390https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2018.1457769
18- Das T, Panda SK, Panda HK, Acharya AP, Das N. Pathology of inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chicken in natural outbreaks in Odisha. Indian J. Vet. Pathol. 2015; 39:46-49https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-970X.2015.00010.3
19- Kumar R, Chandra R, Kumar V, Bhatt P, Shukla SK, Dhama K. Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS) Virus: Immunofluorescence Studies on Aspects of Pathogenesis in Chickens. Advances in Animal and Vet Sci. 2013; 1:25-29
20- Sharma S, Asrani RK, Singh G, Gulathi BR, Patil PK, Gupta VK. Outbreak of hydropericardium syndrome associated with ascites and liver rupture in caged broilers. Vet Res Int. 2014; 2:33-45
21- Nakamura K, Mase M, Yamaguchi S, Yuasa N. Introduction of hydropericardium in one-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks by adenoviruses from inclusion body hepatitis. Avian Dis. 2000; 44:192-6.https://doi.org/10.2307/1592524
22- Matos M, Grafl B, Liebhart D, Hess M. The outcome of experimentally induced inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) by fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) is crucially influenced by the genetic background of the host. Vet Res. 2016; 47:69.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0350-0
23- Bhatti BM, Qureshi MS, And Bajwa TM. Hematology and clinical chemistry values in broiler chickens affected with hydropericardium syndrome prevalent in Pakistan. Vet Arh. 1989; 50:107-11.
24- Gomis S, Goodhope R, Ojkic D, Willson P. Inclusion body hepatitis as a primary disease in broilers in Saskatchewan, Canada. Avian Dis. 2006; 50(4):550-555https://doi.org/10.1637/7577-040106R.1
25- Guangcai Ren , Han Wang , Yuanyuan Yan , Fan Liu , Miaorong Huang , Ruiai Chen. Pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolated from chickens associated with hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome in China 2019. Poultry Sci. 2019; 98: 2765-2771https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez042
Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences
Volume 24, Issue 1
January 2025
Pages 116-121
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics