Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq.
10.29079/qjvms.2024.151711.1029
Abstract
The purpose of this study, conducted from 01-October-2023 to 28-February-2024, was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Haemonchus contortus Infection from sheep in Al-Diwaniyah slaughterhouse, it was carried out to investigate the level of infection at two levels stages; adult's animal, and human, and also helped us to evaluate the genetic similarities between local isolates from Iraq in comparison with other strains of H. contortus from all over the world. In the slaughterhouse in Al-Diwaniyah City, 250 carcasses were sampled. The samples were divided into two tubes, one of them used for microscopic examination by lacto phenol-solution and the other used for molecular tests by using 70% ethanol. Targeting the β-tubulin region by PCR was done, which was followed with the positive PCR-based sequencing. The findings of this study revealed high prevalence of H. contortus infection rate in sheep which leads to parasite transmission among the animals. In addition, a high level of genetic similarities was seen between local isolates from Iraq and strains from Sweden, Canada, Switzerland, the USA, and the Netherland. Overall, this study concludes that the level of infections by H. contortus. High genetic similarities, with world strains, indicating high diversity and common ancestor.
Keywords
- Pervin HH. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections and haemoprotozoan diseases of buffalo in coastal areas of Chattogram division, Bangladesh. 2023. doi:10.60015/bjvas/V08I2A10
- do Nascimento JM, Brito SV, Teixeira AA, Frederico RG, Rodrigues AA, do Nascimento Sousa Filho JG, da Cunha IA. Potential distribution modelling for Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in South America. Parasitology Research. 2024 May;123(5):1-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-024-08247-5
- Sharma P, Kaur A, Batish DR, Kaur S, Chauhan BS. Critical insights into the ecological and invasive attributes of Leucaena leucocephala, a tropical agroforestry species. Frontiers in Agronomy. 2022 May 24;4:890992. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.890992
- Lagos S, Moutzoureli C, Spiropoulou I, Alexandropoulou A, Karas PA, Saratsis A, Sotiraki S, Karpouzas DG. Biodegradation of anthelmintics in soils: does prior exposure of soils to anthelmintics accelerate their dissipation?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022 Sep;29(41):62404-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19964-8
- Kuiseu J, ZINSOU FE, Olounlade PA, ALOWANOU GE, Adenile AD, Dansou CC, Hounzangbe-Adote S, Babayemi OJ, Edorh PA. Prevalence, effects and alternative control methods of Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants: a review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health. 2021 Apr 30;13(2):84-97. doi:10.5897/JVMAH2020.0868
- Jiménez-Penago G, Hernández-Mendo O, González-Garduño R, Torres-Hernández G, Torres-Chablé OM, Maldonado-Simán E. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration as haematological marker to detect changes in red blood cells in sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Research Communications. 2021 Dec;45(4):189-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-021-09800-8
- Adduci I, Sajovitz F, Hinney B, Lichtmannsperger K, Joachim A, Wittek T, Yan S. Haemonchosis in sheep and goats, control strategies and development of vaccines against Haemonchus contortus. Animals. 2022 Sep 8;12(18):2339. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182339
- Flay KJ, Hill FI, Muguiro DH. A Review: Haemonchus contortus Infection in Pasture-Based Sheep Production Systems, with a Focus on the Pathogenesis of Anaemia and Changes in …. Animals. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101238
- Werszko J, Wilamowski K, Kraszewska O, Bakier S, Pyziel AM. First molecular identification of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae), a blood‐sucking gastric nematode of artiodactyles, in the ground beetle Carabus granulatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2024 Mar 27. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12715
- Aleuy OA, Kutz S. Adaptations, life-history traits and ecological mechanisms of parasites to survive extremes and environmental unpredictability in the face of climate change. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. 2020 Aug 1;12:308-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.006
- Chylinski C, Cortet J, Cabaret J, Blanchard A. Haemonchus contortus Adopt Isolate-Specific Life History Strategies to Optimize Fitness and Overcome Obstacles in Their Environment: Experimental Evidence. Animals. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111759
- DANSOU CC, KUISEU J, OLOUNLADE PA, AZANDO EV, LAGNIKA L, ABOH AB, EDORH PA, HOUNZANGBE-ADOTE MS. Haemonchosis: a review on dreaded strongylosis that affects the zootechnical performance of sheep. Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology. 2021 May 31;13(1):58-70. doi:10.5897/JPVB2020.0405
- Tilahun T. Review on Prevalence of Haemonchus contort us in Ethiopian. Journal of Pathology Research Reviews and Reports. SRC/JPR-145. 2021;3(4):2-4. https://doi.org/10.47363/JPR/2021(3)136
- Klaif SF, Jassim A, Alfatlawi MA, Ali MA. Major-surface-protein-4-gene-based detection of Anaplasma marginale isolated from sheep in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2022;36(3):85-88. doi:10.33899/ijvs.2021.129230.1635
- Ahmad N, Khan SA, Majid HA, Ali R, Ullah R, Bari A, Akbar NU, Majid A. Epidemiology and phylogeny of Haemonchus contortus through internal transcribed spacer 2 gene in small ruminants. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2024 Apr 9;11:1380203. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1380203
- Jabar Jasim H, Mijbas Mohammed Alomari M, Abbas Ali N, Khalid Alani Z, Abed SM, Nasser Kadim A. Prevalence, haematological and molecular studies of Haemonchus contortus isolated from goat at AL-Muthanna Province, Iraq. Arch Razi Inst. 2023 Feb 28;78(1):287-295. doi: 10.22092/ARI.2022.359004.2353.
- Ahmed AI, Aziz KJ, Abdullah SO. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes parasites from sheep and evaluation of some anthelmintic resistance in Erbil Governorate. Bas J Vet Res. 2015;14(1):1-11. doi:10.33762/bvetr.2015.99659
- Mushonga B, Habumugisha D, Kandiwa E, Madzingira O, Samkange A, Segwagwe BE, Jaja IF. Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda. J Vet Med. 2018 Sep 6;2018:3602081. doi: 10.1155/2018/3602081.
- Al-Qureishy SA. Prevalence of cestode parasites in sheep slaughtered in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2008;38(1):273-80. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.056
- Mushonga B, Habumugisha D, Kandiwa E, Madzingira O, Samkange A, Segwagwe BE, Jaja IF. Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep and goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda. J Vet Med. 2018;3602081:9. doi:10.1155/2018/3602081.
- Regassa D, Birhane A, Getahun Y, Chalchisa A. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Haemonchus contortus in Sheep Slaughtered at Bahir Dar Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res. 2024 May 15;2024:1433264. doi: 10.1155/2024/1433264.
- Mannan, M.A., Chowdhury, S., Hossain, M.A. et al. Genetic variability of Haemonchus contortus isolates in small ruminants from slaughterhouses in Bangladesh. Parasitol Res 122, 3101–3107 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-08000-4
- Laing R, Kikuchi T, Martinelli A, Tsai IJ, Beech RN, Redman E, Holroyd N, Bartley DJ, Beasley H, Britton C, Curran D, Devaney E, Gilabert A, Hunt M, Jackson F, Johnston SL, Kryukov I, Li K, Morrison AA, Reid AJ, Sargison N, Saunders GI, Wasmuth JD, Wolstenholme A, Berriman M, Gilleard JS, Cotton JA. The genome and transcriptome of Haemonchus contortus, a key model parasite for drug and vaccine discovery. Genome Biol. 2013 Aug 28;14(8):R88. doi: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-8-r88.
- Alfatlawi MSH, Alfatlawi MA. Molecular and phylogenetic study of Theileria spp isolated from ticks in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. Iraqi J Agricul Sci. 2019;50(1):475-79. doi: https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v50i1.313
- Alfatlawy HH, Alfatlawi MA. Morphological and molecular identification of Parabronema skrjabini of camels (Camelus dromedary) in Najaf province. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2021;35(3):507-12. doi: 10.33899/ijvs.2020.127101.1459
)
