Authors
Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences
Abstract
The manure of cattle is containing more than 60 different ARGs with varying resistome different from heard to another. ARGs are associated with bacteria and their prophages and phages, and can be found extracellular on transposable elements and plasmids. Antibiotic resistance Genes in one species of bacteria can be horizontally transferred to another species by one of three defined mechanisms such as conjugation, transformation and transduction. The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in this method is becoming medically confrontation to deal with. Animal livestock wastes consider as hotspot for dissemination of ARGs to natural environment. Therefore, treatment of ARGs in environmental elements including livestock waste can decrease abundance and diversity of these genes and protect human protecting human and animal health. However, there no single treatment method has ability to completely inactivation of resistant bacteria or gene in the animal wastes. In this review, we evaluate some technologies that used to inactivate of ARGs in livestock wastes.
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