Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Abstract Histological quantification of lung includes measuring and analyzing the proportions of respiratory area, the respiratory bronchioles which lead to the alveolar sacs and alveoli where gas exchange occurs, and connective tissue quantification, the amount of collagen and elastic fibers, which provide support and elasticity for the lung. This can be done by techniques like image analysis software and histological staining methods, such as Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's trichrome and Van Gieson to differentiate connective tissue from air spaces. The present analysis aimed to quantify and compare the respiratory area and connective tissue between two adult, healthy of both sexes independent animal groups cow and sheep based on ten specimens per group (n = 10) were collected from local slaughterhouse in summer (2025). The analysis revealed no significant differences between respiratory area of cow and sheep (P > 0.05), that the average respiratory area in sheep (90.18 µm2) was moderately higher than that in cow (85.21 µm2), indicating a more efficient structure for gas exchange, which associated with higher metabolic demands and active lifestyle of sheep. In contrast, cow lung significantly demonstrated greater amount of connective tissue, suggesting increased structural support necessary for large body size but reduced respiratory efficiency

Abstract The present study  was undertaken at Al-Qadisiyah slaughter house located in Al-Diwaniyah City, throughout the period from (June –August  2023) and ( Dec. – Feb. 2024) to evaluate certain biochemical components(Glucose. Cholesterol and Total Protein) in the follicular fluid of Iraqi Sheep. A total of (240)ovaries were collected from (120) adult non-pregnant ewes(72 samples of follicular fluids for each size, 12samples/month), age ranging between (2 to 3) years old in a good health with normal genitalia tracts. The diameter of  ovarian follicles were measured using calipers, the follicles were distributed  into three categories: small (<3mm), medium (3-5mm) and large (6-10 mm), follicular fluid aspirated per follicle size within the same ewe and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min. the supernatant was collected to use for determine  concentration  of glucose, Cholesterol and total protein in the ovarian follicular fluid.  The results shown  that season of year and size of follicle affected significantly(P<0.01)  on glucose and cholesterol concentration, while total protein  concentration did not influenced by season and follicle size, in addition, there was a highly significant differences(P<0.01) recorded among sized follicles within the seasons. However, the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and total protein in the follicular fluid were decreased as the follicle sizes increased.

Abstract To date, Ivermectin is one of the advisable medications widely used in the therapy, domination effort of internal and  external  parasites in ruminants, but its efficacy and resistance developing during the last years remain questionable. The efficacy of Ivermectin and the resistance state of  gastrointestinal;  round worms in sheep farms was the goal of the current work survey. 300 fecal samples collected from male sheep (≥7 months) represented 6 sheep flocks (n=730)  from different regions in Mosul city, Iraq. The efficacy of the Ivermectin in one farm with EPG ≥200 was evaluated using a fecal egg count reduction test on day zero (0) and day 14 post-treatment by subcutaneously injecting Tectin^® (each 1 ml contains 10 mg Ivermectin) 0.2 mg/kg B.W. Moreover, the World Association of Advancement for Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines were referenced to detect the resistance. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was 47%, comprising Haemonchus spp. 6.66%, Ostertagia spp. 8.66%, Nematodirus spp. 14%, and Trichostrongylus spp. 17.66%. The efficacy of Ivermectin (71%) and the lower limit confidence interval (95%) was 46%, indicating AR to Ivermectin. As documented above, resistance of nematodes to anthelmintic classes, including Ivermectin, could potentially serve as a risk role in propagation, consequence, and maintaining parasitic burden to the productivity of ruminant farms, in addition to solidification set for hindering, monitoring and awareness of the sources of resistance being recommended.

Abstract Sheep are significantly contributed to the meat production and milk yield in Duhok region. Dystocia is extremely common reproductive conditions affecting sheep and could causes death of both ewe and newborn. This research is aimed as a reconsidering study on the prevalence and etiology of birth difficulties in sheep. A total of 86 dystocia cases were recorded at the veterinarian clinic during the period from September, 2019 to February, 2020. The effects of factors analyzed by general linear models. The significantly highest prevalence was documented during winter season and ewes carrying male fetuses (p ≤ 0.05). Fetal dystocia 61(70.93%) cases outnumbered maternal causes 25 (29.07%) cases. The fetal malpresentation represent the most common fetal causes (43.02%), and ring womb (16.28%) as maternal causes. Other fetal causes included twinning, fetal oversize and monsters, whereas maternal causes include narrow pelvis, uterine inertia and toxemia. Fetuses were delivered by obstetrical management in 59 (68.60%) cases including manual traction in 55 (63.95%) cases, and hormonal treatment with manual traction in 4 (4.65%) cases. Whereas remaining cases 27 (31.4%) were surgically treated by caesarean section (CS). In conclusion, dystocia recorded as a major obstetrical problem in ewes and emergency assistance could reduce the mortality rate for both pregnant animals and their newborn. In order to safe high numbers of fetal and dam and to reduce the cost of treatments, sheep with dystocia should be considered as an emergency cases without postponing.

 

Abstract The present study was designed to determine the effect of the aqueous extract of powdered Nigella sativa seeds on pre-contracted smooth muscle isolated from the trachea in sheep.Parts of the trachea were taken from freshly slaughtered sheep and were kept viable in Krebs–Henseleit solution at (37 C),then the smooth muscles were isolated from the trachea and proceeded for studying its contraction in physiograph. Aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds was prepared and six concentrations of the aqueous extract were used (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg / 10 ml). The smooth muscle was stimulated for contraction with different drugs (acetylcholine or histamine). Next, one milliliter of the prepared six serially increasing concentrations of the Nigella sativa aqueous extract was added separately to pre-contracted isolated tracheal smooth muscle to determine any probable inhibitory effect of the seeds extract. Aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds caused relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle pre-contracted with acetylcholine or histamine which may have taken place through stimulation of the non-adrenergic – non-cholinergic system.