Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease is regarded as a serious veterinary problem because it can be costly to identify, treat, and monitor, resulting in significant financial losses in the herd. The study was carried out to identify the most important clinical signs and determine the type and severity of lung lesions using ultrasonography. Twenty local cow breeds, aged 3 to 8 years, were used in the current study. A case history was obtained, clinical signs were recorded on a clinical card, and the lungs were examined firstly by auscultation using a stethoscope, and then ultrasound evaluation was carried out using a portable KX5100 vet ultrasound machine with a 3.5 MHz curved probe. Clinical examination indicated that all cows had coughed, while 85%, 80%, and 70% of the cows had lacrimation, nasal discharge, and fever, respectively. According to an ultrasound of the lungs, 60% of the lesions were acute and 40% were chronic. The most common lesions in acute cases were irregular pleural surface (89%), comet tail artifact (71%), and abnormal alveologram (65%). In 40% of cases, chronic lung consolidation lesions were also observed. Ultrasound is very effective at detecting lung lesions. By using ultrasound imaging, it is possible to distinguish between acute and chronic lung lesions in cows..

Abstract Histological quantification of lung includes measuring and analyzing the proportions of respiratory area, the respiratory bronchioles which lead to the alveolar sacs and alveoli where gas exchange occurs, and connective tissue quantification, the amount of collagen and elastic fibers, which provide support and elasticity for the lung. This can be done by techniques like image analysis software and histological staining methods, such as Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's trichrome and Van Gieson to differentiate connective tissue from air spaces. The present analysis aimed to quantify and compare the respiratory area and connective tissue between two adult, healthy of both sexes independent animal groups cow and sheep based on ten specimens per group (n = 10) were collected from local slaughterhouse in summer (2025). The analysis revealed no significant differences between respiratory area of cow and sheep (P > 0.05), that the average respiratory area in sheep (90.18 µm2) was moderately higher than that in cow (85.21 µm2), indicating a more efficient structure for gas exchange, which associated with higher metabolic demands and active lifestyle of sheep. In contrast, cow lung significantly demonstrated greater amount of connective tissue, suggesting increased structural support necessary for large body size but reduced respiratory efficiency