Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis is common in certain areas. The liver and spleen are affected by this illness caused by the Leishmania donovani parasite in humans and animals. This research aimed to develop a new SLA-based liposome vaccination. The purpose is unclear. Improved illness detection and treatment. SLA antigen was encapsulated in a positively charged liposome for vaccine formulation. Stability and immune cell interaction are promoted by egg lecithin, cholesterol, and stearylamine. The vaccine was well-prepared and targeted the antigen, according to testing. A test showed a concentration of 2.1 ± 0.3 mg/min for SLA antigen. The SLA-containing liposome particles were of outstanding size, measuring around 245 ± 10 nm. Particle sizes were consistent with a dispersion value of 0.21 ± 0.05. The zeta-potential investigation found 61.16 mV more positive charge than empty liposomes. Improved cellular absorption and stability should boost immunization efficacy. FTIR and XRD studies revealed that the liposomes contained the SLA antigen, indicating that the loading technique was effective and did not modify the liposomes. Before exposing mice to harmful compounds, their immune reaction has to be assessed. The liposome-SLA group had a stronger antigen-specific IgG response than the SLA-only or empty liposome groups. It seems that liposomes boosted the immunological response. The SL1 group's final count was 1/160, double the S2 group's 1/80. Since it was their first encounter to the virus, the unimmunized group exhibited the greatest antibody response. Even at 1/320 concentrations, the SL1 group had robust and sustained reactions with higher values. This consistent outcome shows that the liposome-SLA vaccination prepares the immune system to respond promptly to the illness. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) vaccination, apparently.

Abstract Propolis is a natural substance rich in medically active chemical compounds. The presence of these compounds depends on a variety of factors, including the method of extraction and the solvent used for the extraction process. The current work aimed to investigate the effect of extracting propolis using different solvents on its chemical composition. The propolis extraction ratio were 34.53, 43.4 and 38.68% for watery, ethanolic, and ethyl acetate propolis extract respectively. 
      The chemical composition of three extracts was analyzed using GC-Mass analysis which identified 16, 26, and 24 chemical components in watery, ethanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. The chemical composition of three extracts was varied greatly but all extracts were rich in phenolic compounds. 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone and 2-isopropenyl dihydrofuran were predominant in the watery extract whereas 1-methylethyl)-8-oxo-1,2-dihydrofurano, Malonic acid, 6-heptynyl, and 1,4-Naphthalenedione, 2-1-buten were predominant in ethanolic extract. 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one-7-methoxy, 9-Tetradecynoicacid, methyl ester, and 9-Octadecenoic acid were predominant in the ethyl acetate extract