Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences

Abstract Histological quantification of lung includes measuring and analyzing the proportions of respiratory area, the respiratory bronchioles which lead to the alveolar sacs and alveoli where gas exchange occurs, and connective tissue quantification, the amount of collagen and elastic fibers, which provide support and elasticity for the lung. This can be done by techniques like image analysis software and histological staining methods, such as Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's trichrome and Van Gieson to differentiate connective tissue from air spaces. The present analysis aimed to quantify and compare the respiratory area and connective tissue between two adult, healthy of both sexes independent animal groups cow and sheep based on ten specimens per group (n = 10) were collected from local slaughterhouse in summer (2025). The analysis revealed no significant differences between respiratory area of cow and sheep (P > 0.05), that the average respiratory area in sheep (90.18 µm2) was moderately higher than that in cow (85.21 µm2), indicating a more efficient structure for gas exchange, which associated with higher metabolic demands and active lifestyle of sheep. In contrast, cow lung significantly demonstrated greater amount of connective tissue, suggesting increased structural support necessary for large body size but reduced respiratory efficiency

Abstract Inclusion body hepatitis outbreaks and hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome, particularly in commercial broiler flocks, have been detected in various geographic regions of Iraq over the past five years, indicating the widespread distribution of FAdVs throughout our nation from the north to the south. The Basrah governorate in Iraq has seen significant economic losses as a result of elevated mortality rates and poor performance in chicken farms. 180 cases of sick and fresh dead birds, ages 17 to 28 days, were removed from broiler chicken farms located throughout the Basrah province between 2023 and 2024. The goal of this study was to examine the postmortem lesions and clinical findings of suspected IBH, as well as to obtain histopathological sections of the affected tissues (liver, kidney, and heart). Acute symptoms included ruffled feathers, anorexia, depression, low body weight, inconsistent flock size, and a high mortality rate (10–25%). pale and straw-colored fluids in the pericardial sac, enlarged and hemorrhagic kidneys, and an expanded, congested spleen are other symptoms of an enlarged, friable liver with yellow mucoid dropping as a result of excess bile acids and lesions identified during the postmortem investigation. Furthermore, according to a histopathological examination, the infected chicken's damaged kidneys showed evidence of renal tubular epithelium vacuolation, interstitial tissue hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and severe hepatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies and degenerative changes. The macrophage was particularly well-represented among these cells. The study concluded that loss of biosecurity and vaccination programs against IBH infection in poultry populations particularly in Basra governorate make them more prone to infection.